Uji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak biji buah delima (punica granatum) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri streptococcus mutans: studi eksperimental

Edrizal Edrizal, Astrigea Nungki Indraswari, Yenita Alamsyah, Kornialia Kornialia

Abstract


ABSTRAK 

Pendahuluan: Karies gigi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang prevalensinya tinggi, dengan Streptococcus mutans sebagai salah satu bakteri utama yang berperan dalam proses terjadinya karies. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan pentingnya upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab karies melalui bahan antibakteri yang efektif dan aman. Penggunaan bahan alami menjadi salah satu alternatif yang perlu dikembangkan karena berpotensi mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Biji buah delima (Punica granatum) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa fitokimia yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans, khususnya ekstrak yang diperoleh melalui metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE), masih perlu dibuktikan secara eksperimental. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk memperoleh bukti ilmiah mengenai potensi ekstrak biji buah delima sebagai alternatif bahan antibakteri alami dalam upaya mendukung pencegahan karies gigi. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of pomegranate seed (Punica granatum) extract obtained using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method against the growth of Streptococcus mutans.Metode: Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorium in vitro dengan desain pre test–post test control group untuk penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan post test only control group untuk Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM), menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 15%, dan 20%, fluoride sebagai kontrol positif, serta DMSO sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil: Ekstrak biji delima konsentrasi 20% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans berdasarkan penurunan nilai absorbansi sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi, Meskipun Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) tidak ditemukan pada rentang konsentrasi yang diuji, hasil penelitian tetap menunjukkan adanya efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak biji buah delima terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Simpulan: Ekstrak biji buah delima (Punica granatum) hasil metode UAE memiliki efektivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans, dengan konsentrasi 20% sebagai konsentrasi paling efektif.

KATA KUNCI: karies gigi, biji delima, streptococcus mutans, antibakteri.

Antibacterial effectiveness test of pomegranate (punica granatum) seed extract against the growth of streptococcus mutans bacteria: study exsperimental

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dental caries remains a prevalent oral health problem, with Streptococcus mutans recognized as one of the primary bacteria involved in its development. This situation highlights the importance of preventing and controlling the growth of caries-causing bacteria using safe and effective antibacterial agents. The use of natural substances represents a promising alternative that warrants further investigation, given their potential to contain bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds are known to contain various phytochemicals capable of inhibiting bacterial growth; however, their antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans, specifically using extracts obtained through Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) requires experimental validation. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide scientific evidence regarding the potential of pomegranate seed extract as a natural antibacterial agent for supporting dental caries prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of pomegranate seed (Punica granatum) extract obtained using UAE against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This study was an in vitro laboratory experiment using a pretest–posttest control group design to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a posttest-only control group design to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The extract was tested at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, with fluoride as a positive control and DMSO as a negative control. Results: The results showed that a 20% concentration of pomegranate seed extract was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. However, MBC was not identified within the tested concentration range. These findings indicate that pomegranate seed extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: Pomegranate seed (Punica granatum) extract obtained through the UAE method demonstrates antibacterial effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans, with a 20% concentration identified as the most effective among the concentrations tested.

KEY WORDS: dental caries, pomegranate seed, streptococcus mutans, antibacterial


Keywords


Karies gigi, Biji delima, Streptococcus mutans, Antibakteri, dental caries, pomegranate seed, streptococcus mutans, antibacterial

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v10i2.69689

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