Utilization of Coffee Husk and Coconut Shell Waste into Bio-Briquettes using Starch as Adhesive

Efri Mardawati, Aura Hanifatus Saskia, Devi Maulida Rahmah, Desy Nurliasari

Abstrak


The massive use of coal as the world's energy source is caused by its efficiency and abundance but has a negative impact as one of the causes of carbon dioxide emissions. Coal-burning generated emissions must be reduced immediately. One way is by developing biomass as a renewable energi source into solid fuel such as bio-briquettes.  Bio-briquettes from agricultural industry wastes can be made into coal alternatives through carbonization. Coffee husk can be combined with coconut shell, the standard material for bio-briquettes, considering their large amount as industrial waste. It is necessary to use the optimal mixing ratio between the two biomass and understand its effects on the bio-briquettes quality based on SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. This experimental study analyzed variations in the mixing ratio and divided it into 5 (five) formulas: F1 100%Ko, F2 75Ko:25Ke, F3 50Ko:50Ke, F4 25Ko:75Ke, and F5 100%Ke in three repetitions. The adhesive used was cassava starch original adhesive in 7% of the total dry material weight and dissolved in water to a 12,5% concentration. The AHP results showed that F4, made from 1 part of coffee husk and 3 parts of coconut shell charcoal, produced the best briquettes based on the fixed carbon and calorific value, combustion quality, and coffee husks utilization. F4 has a carbon value of 48.53%, a calorific value of 6438 Cal/gram, a temperature rise rate of 5.79 °C/minute, and a burning time of 2 hours 44 minutes.


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