SERVANT LEADERSHIP AS POLITICAL WILL TO PERFORM A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION IN THE CITY OF TANGERANG SELATAN

Hasanah Hasanah, Dwi Oktariani, Nur Asni Gani, Andry Priharta

Abstract


An organization is a place for several people or groups who carry out activities calling for goals with profit and non-profit plans. Organizational development, both profit and non-profit, requires a leader who can show his political will to run the organization. A leader in a non-profit organization still needs to pay attention to the interests of the members and those served. This study discusses servant leadership as political will in running non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia. The method used is qualitative, with a case study in a non-profit organization in the South Tangerang area. The study involved four informants with focus group discussions. Each informant stated the questions submitted. This study looks at five categories of servant leadership or servant leadership as the political will to run non-profit organizations, through the categories of servant leadership namely (1) delegation, (2) integrity, (3) motivation, (4) human resource development, (5) Remembering to communicate, that leaders in non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City are politically aware that servant leadership is a form of self-will in running an organization. Leaders in non-profit organizations are passionate about developing teams and meeting members’ needs in a disinterested organization, not for the personal needs of a leader.


Keywords


Servant Leadership; Communication; Leadership; Non-profit Organizations

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adams, J.S. (1963). Towards an Understanding of Inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040968

Anthony, R.N., & Young, D.W. (2003). Management Control in Non-profit Organizations. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.

Arogundade, O.T., & Arogundade, A.B. (2015). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Implications for Employees’ Career Satisfaction. North American Journal of Psychology, 17, 27–36.

Awaru, T., Fitria, N., Ainun, N., Khairunisha, M. (2019). Komunikasi Organisasi. Jurnal Universitas Muslim Indonesia, 1(1), 1-10.

Brinkerhoff, D.W. (2000). Assessing political will for anti-corruption efforts: an analytic framework. Public Administration and Development, 20(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-162X(200008)20:3<239::AID-PAD138>3.0.CO;2-3

Burch, M.J., Swails, P. & Mills, R. (2015). Perceptions of Administrators’ Servant Leadership Qualities at a Christian University: A Descriptive Study. Education, 135, 399–404.

Burrai, E., Font, X., & Cochrane, J. (2015). Destination Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Volunteer Tourism: An Equity Theory Approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2012

Cahyono, Y., Jihadi, M., Arifin, Z., Purnamasari, W., Musnaini, Wijoyo, H., Fitriaty, Putra, R. S., Putri, R. A., Muliansyah, D., Suryani, P., & Purwanto, A. (2020). Do Servant Leadership Influence Market Performance? Evidence from Indonesian Pharmacy Industries. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9), 439–451. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.9.62

Chaidir. (2017). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kompetensi Terhadap Komitmen Anggota DPRD Serta Implikasinya Pada Kinerja Anggota DPRD Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Riau Periode 2014-2019 [Universitas Pasundan]. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/id/eprint/32209

Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2006). Transformational Leadership and Sports Performance: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(7), 1521–1534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02686.x

Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., & Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of Transformational and Servant Leadership on Organizational Performance: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1470-8

Crippen, C. (2012). Enhancing Authentic Leadership-Followership: Strengthening School Relationships. Management in Education, 26(4), 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020612439084

Deichmann, D., & Stam, D. (2015). Leveraging Transformational and Transactional Lea- dership to Cultivate the Generation of Organization-Focused Ideas. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.10.004

Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2013). Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Upward Influence: The Role of Relative Leader-Member Exchanges (RLMX) and Perceived Organizational Support (POS). The Leadership Quarterly, 24(2), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.007

Gani, N.A., Utama, R.E., Jaharuddin, & Priharta, A. (2020). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Mirqat.

George, J.M., & Jones, G.R. (2005). Understading and Managing Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., & Reaiche, C. (2015). The Emerging Role of Transformational

Leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0090

Greasley, P. E., & Bocârnea, M. C. (2014). The Relationship between Personality Type and the Servant Leadership Characteristic of Empowerment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 124, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.454

Greenleaf, R.K. (2002). Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Paulist Press.

Gunawan, I. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori dan Praktik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Hamstra, M. R. W., Van Yperen, N. W., Wisse, B., & Sassenberg, K. (2014). Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Followers’ Achievement Goals. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(3), 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9322-9

Harris, J. N., Maher, L. P., & Ferris, G. R. (2016). The Roles of Political Skill and Political Will in Job Performance Prediction: A Moderated Nonlinear Perspective. Handbook of Organizational Politics: (Second Edition) Looking Back and to the Future, 15–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784713492.00007

Harris, K. J., Zivnuska, S., Kacmar, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2007). The Impact of Political Skill on Impression Management Effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 278–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.278

Hoption, C. (2014). Learning and Developing Followership. Journal of Leadership Education, 13, 129–137.

Hunter, E.M., Neubert, M.J., Perry, S.J., Witt, L., Penney, L. M., & Weinberger, E. (2013). Servant Leaders Inspire Servant Followers: Antecedents and Outcomes for Employees and the Organization. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 316–331.

Kapoutsis, I., Papalexandris, A., Treadway, D. C., & Bentley, J. (2017). Measuring Political Will in Organizations: Theoretical Construct Development and Empirical Validation. Journal of Management, 43(7), 2252–2280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314566460

Kpundeh, S. J. (2000). Controlling Corruption in Sierra Leone: an Assessment of Past Efforts and Suggestions for the Future. In Corruption and Development in Africa (pp. 198–217). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982440_11

Laub, J.A. (1999). Assessing the Servant Organization: Development of the Servant Organizational Leadership Assessment (SOLA) Instrument.

Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Gardner, W.L., & Sels, L. (2015). Authentic Leadership, Authentic Followership, Basic Need Satisfaction, and Work Role Performance. Journal of Management, 41(6), 1677–1697. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312457822

Liden, R.C., Wayne, S.J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant Leadership: Development of a Multidimensional Measure and Multi-Level Assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006

McGregor, D. (1960). The Human Side of Enterprise. McGraw-Hill.

Mintzberg, H. (1983). The Case for Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Strategy, 4(2), 3–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/eb039015

Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization As Political Arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00069.x

Mullaney, E. (2014). Generational Preferences Create Challenges for Modern Mobility Strategies. Benefits Quarterly, 30, 38–20.

Parris, D.L., & Peachey, J.W. (2013a). A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theory in Organizational Contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(3), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6

Parris, D.L., & Peachey, J.W. (2013b). Encouraging Servant Leadership: A Qualitative Study of How a Cause-Related Sporting Event Inspires Participants to Serve. Leadership, 9(4), 486–512. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715012470675

Post, L.A., Raile, A.N.W., & Raile, E.D. (2010). Defining Political Will. Politics & Policy, 38(4), 653–676. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00253.x

Ratnasari, S.L., Sutjahjo, G., & Adam. (2020). The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture and Leadership on Employee Performance. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 23(13). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231329

Read III, J.B. (2014). Followership at the FDIC: A Case Study. Journal of Leadership Education, 13, 136–145.

Renko, M., Kroeck, K.G., & Bullough, A. (2012). Expectancy Theory and Nascent Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 667–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9354-3

Rifa’i, A., Tan, S., Edward, & Adriani, Z. (2022). Effect of Servant Leadership and Political Will Perception Toward Managerial Performance. Adpebi International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.54099/AIJMS.V1I1.174

Russell, E.J. (2012). The Role of Servant Leadership in Faculty Development Programs: A Review Of The Literature. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(1), 15–19.

Russell, R.F., & Stone, A.G. (2002). A Review of Servant Leadership Attributes: Developing a

Practical Model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(3), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730210424

Saleem, F., Zhang, Y.Z., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562

Schneider, S.K., & George, W.M. (2011). Servant Leadership versus Transformational Leader- ship in Voluntary Service Organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111099283

Schwepker, C.H., & Schultz, R.J. (2015). Influence of the Ethical Servant Leader and Ethical Climate on Customer Value Enhancing Sales Performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35(2), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2015.1010537

Schermerhorn Jr., J.R. (2011). 2011. Organizational Behaviour. Hoboken : John Wiley.

Sendjaya, S. (2015). Servant Leadership Research. In Personal and Organizational Excellence through Servant Leadership (pp. 15–38). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16196-9_2

Spears, L.C. (2010). Character and Servant Leadership: Ten Characteristics of Effective, Caring Leaders. The Journal of Virtues & Leadership, 1, 25–30.

Ţebeian, A. E. (2012). The Impact of Motivation through Leadership on Group Performance. Review of International Comparative Management, 13, 313–324.

Tomigolung, H.N. (2015). The Effects of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance at Regional Government Office Southeast Minahasa. Jurnal EMBA, 3(1), 118–230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.3.1.2015.6676

Treadway, D.C., Hochwarter, W.A., Kacmar, C.J., & Ferris, G.R. (2005). Political Will, Political Skill, and Political Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/job.310

Tseng, L.-M., & Kuo, C.-L. (2014). Customers’ Attitudes toward Insurance Frauds: An Application of Adams’ Equity Theory. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(11), 1038–1054. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2012-0142

van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310380462

van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., de Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same Difference? Exploring the Differential Mechanisms Linking Servant Leadership and Transformational Leadership to Follower Outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014

Van Winkle, B., Allen, S., De Vore, D., & Winston, B. (2014). The Relationship between the Servant Leadership Behaviors of Immediate Supervisors and Followers’ Perceptions of Being Empowered in the Context of Small Business. Journal of Leadership Education, 13, 70–82.

Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. Wiley.

Washington, R.R., Sutton, C.D., & Sauser, J.I. (2014). How Distinct Is Servant Leadership Theory? Empirical Comparisons with Competing Theories. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 11, 11–25.

Wong, P. T. P., & Davey, D. (2007). Best Practices in Servant Leadership.

Wren, D.A. (2005). The History of Management Thought. John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Zou, W.-C., Tian, Q., & Liu, J. (2015). Servant Leadership, Social Exchange Relationships, and Follower’s Helping Behavior: Positive Reciprocity Belief Matters. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.08.012




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v8i1.43831

Copyright (c) 2023 Hasanah Hasanah, Dwi Oktariani, Nur Asni Gani, Andry Priharta

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Indexed By:

Google Scholar width=  Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) WorldCat Indonesia One Search                 

 

 

Published By:

Departement of Political Science
Campus of Faculty of Social and Political Science
Universitas Padjajaran, Building D, 2nd floor
Jl. Raya Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang

  

Lisensi Creative Commons Creation is distributed below Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.