Preparation and Characterization of Glucosamine Nanoparticle by Ionic Gelation Method Using Chitosan and Alginate
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease of the joints that usually treated by NSAID drugs in the long term leading to cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. Glucosamine is a precursor in the formation of progression of joint which have not a significantly side effect. The problem in glucosamine administration occured when it is administered through the oral route resulting in first pass metabolism, while when it is administered via intavena route resulting in insulin resistance. Those problems can be solved by developing glucosamine into nanoglucosamine in order to increase the enzymatic stability which will protect the active ingredient from diminishing by the first pass effect hence the dose can be reduced, consequenlty it will reduce the insulin resistance, and increase the permeation. In this study, the nanoparticles of glucosamine with chitosan polymer and crosslinker alginate was prepared by the ionic gelation method with the principle of continued cross forming polyelectrolyte complexes. This study started from preformulation such as solubility and identify study by FTIR, then the formulations of chitosan: glucosamine: alginate = 5:1:1 (volume ratio) with the variation of concentration in the FI (chitosan: glucosamine: alginate = 0.08 %: 0.1%: 0.08%) and FII (chitosan: glucosamine: alginate = 0.1%: 0.1%: 0.08%). Results of nanoparticle characterization by particle size analyzer in the FI showed the better formula indicating a foggy coloid, no precipitation, the pH was 2.90±0.05, and the percent transmittance was 99.35%. The distribution of particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential for the formula I were 76.0 ± 21.8 nm; 0.300; and -0.30 mV, respectively. It could be concluded that the nanoparticle system of glucosamine can be better prepared from the 0.08% of chitosan, 0.1% of glucosamine and 0.08% of alginate.
Keywords: alginate, chitosan, ionic gelation method, glucosamine nanoparticle
References
Avadi, M.R., Assal M.M.S., Nasser M., Saideh A., Fatemeh A., Rassoul D., and Morteza R. Preparation and Characterization of Insulin Nanoparticles Using Chitosan Arabic Gum with Ionic Gelation Method. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 6. p.58-63. 2010.
Chen, X., Liu, C.S., Liu, C.G., Meng, X.H., Lee, C.M., and Park, H.J. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 27. p.269-274: 2006.
Clegg, D.O., Reda, D.J., Harris, C.L., Klein, M.A., O’Dell, J.R., Hooper, M.M. Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and The Two in Combination for Painful Knee Osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. p.354:795-808; 2006.
Comitte of Food Chemical Codex. Food Chemical Codex. Edisi 5. Washington D.C. The National Academic Press. p.37-38; 2004.
Fan, W., Yan, W., Xu, Z., and Ni, H. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 90. p.21-27; 2012.
Gupta, R. B. and Kompella, U.B. Nanoparticle technology of drug delivery, Taylor & Francis Grup, New York, pp. 4-6, 13-16; 2006.
Honary, S. and Zahir, F. Effect of Zeta Potential on the Properties of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems - Review (Part 1). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, April Vol. 12, (2), p.255-264; 2013.
Jahanshahi, M. and Babaei, Z. Protein Nanoparticle: A Unique System as Drug Delivery Vehicles. African J. of Biotech. Vol. 7, p.4926-4934; 2008.
Mardliyati, E., Muttaqien, S.E., dan Setyawati, D.R. Sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan-Trypoly Phosphate Dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Dan Rasio Volume Terhadap Karakteristik Partikel. Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Bahan 2012. Jakarta: Pusat Teknologi Farmasi dan Medika – BPPT; 2012.
Marimuthu, M., D. Bennet, and S. Kim, Self-assembled nanoparticles of PLGA-conjugated glucosamine as a sustained transdermal drug delivery vehicle. Polymer Journal, 2012. 45: p. 202.
Mauludin, R. dan R.H. Muller. 2010. Produksi Nanosuspensi Ibuprofen dengan Menggunakan Metode Homogenisasi Tekanan Tinggi (High Pressure Homogenization-HPH). Dalam Medicinus. Vol 23., No.3, Edition Oktober-November.
Miller, K.L., and Clegg, D.O. Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2011(37): p.103-18.
Mohanraj, V.J., and Chen, Y. Nanoparticle - A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 5, 2006: p.561-573.
Muller, R.H. and C.M. Keck. 2004. Challenges and Solution for The Delivery of Biotech Drugs – A Review of Drug Nanocrystal Technology and Lipid Nanopartices. J. Biotech. 113. p.151-170.
Nasution, A.R. 2013. Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Glukosamin Hidroklorida dari Kitin Cangkang Belantas (Tachypleus gigas). (Skripsi). Medan. Departemen Kimia FMIPA USU; 2013.
Park, K.K.,and Yeo, Y. Microencapsulation Technology. Dalam Swabrick, J. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Informa Healthcare USA. p.2317; 2007.
Raval, Amit J., and Patel. Madhabahi M. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles for Solubility and Dissolution Rate Enhancement of Meloxicam. Journal of Pharmaceuticals. 2011; Vol. 01. Pages: 42-49.
Rowe, R.C. (ed). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th Edition. Pharmaceutical Press. London. p.159-161; 2009.
Sherman, A.L., Ojeda-Correal, G., and Mena, J. Use of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in Persons with Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Supplement, 2012; Vol.4: S110-S116.
Simon, R.R., V. Marks, A.R. Leeds, and J.W. Anderson. A Comprehensive Review of Oral Glucosamine Use and Effects on Glucose Metabolism in Normal and Diabetic Individuals. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 1, p.14-27.
Sugita, P., T. Wukirsari, A. Sjahriza, dan D. Wahyono. Kitosan: Sumber Biomaterial Masa Depan. Bogor. IPB Press; 2009.
Sweetman, S.C. Martindale 36 The Complete Drug Reference. London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 2009.
Thassu, D. Michel, D., Yashwant, P. Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System. New York: Informa Healthcare. p.327-336; 2007.
Vaughn, J.M. and Williams R.O. Nanoparticles Engineering. Dalam Swarbrick, James. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology Third Edition Volume I. New York: Informa Healthcare USA. p.2384-2398; 2007.
Winardi, S., Kusdianto, dan Widiyastuti.. Preparasi Film ZnO-Silika Nanokomposit dengan Metode Sol-Gel. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”; 2011.
Yu-Hsin, L., K. Sonaje, K.M. Lin, J.H. Juang, F.L. Mi, H.W. Yang, and H.W. Sung. Multi-ion-crosslinked Nanoparticles with pH-responsive Characteristics for Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs. J. of Contr. Rel. 2008 (132). p.141-149.
Zhang, H., W. Si-hui, Z. Lin-quan, S. Zeng-quan. Preparation and Characterization of Water-Soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles as Protein Delivery System. Journal of Nanomaterial; 2010.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
