The Effect of TiO2 in Ceramic Product Glaze on the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

eneng maryani

Abstract


Glaze is a coating on the surface of ceramic products such as tiles, sanitary ware and tableware. One of the functions of the glaze is to protect ceramic products from harmful chemicals such as dyes. For this purpose, the glaze material is added with other additives such as TiO2 which is a photocatalyst. n this study, silica sand and commercial glaze 107 with a ratio of 1: 1 were used as the main raw material for glaze with the addition of 0-5% titanium dioxide powder. The raw material for the glaze is wet ground in an alumina potmill for 24 hours. The results of these mills, dried in an oven at a temperature of 100 oC. The dried glaze contains silica as a-quartz and anatase TiO2. The percentage of decolorization (photodegradation) of the glaze to the methylene blue dye after 4 hours of UV exposure was carried out by measuring the absorption of non-degraded methylene blue using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 664 nm. Glaze without the addition of TiO2 showed a percent decolorization (photodegradation) of methylene blue of 71.55% which occurred mainly through the adsorption reaction of methylene blue by silica which is mostly contained in the glaze. The optimum value of percent decolorization is 88.49% obtained for glaze materials with the addition of 2% TiO2. The addition of TiO2 which exceeds the optimum value, causes a decrease in the percentage of decolorization (photodegradation) due to TiO22 aggregation on the surface of the silica adsorbent.

References


Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993

B. Karasu, S. Turan, “Effects of cobalt, copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22, 2002, 1447-1455

F. Knies, K. Schrantz, C. Aneziris, L. Gauckler, T. Graule, “Superhydrophilic Ceramic Glazes for Sanitaryware”, Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 07(01), 2016, 53-64

E.S. Lončar, M.M. Radeka, S.B. Petrović, A.S. Skapin, O.Lj. Rudić, & J.G. Ranogajec, “Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Clay Roofing Tile Substrates – Methylene Blue as Model Pollutant”, APTEFF, 40(1-220), 2009, 125-133

S. Teixeira & A.M. Bernardin“Development of TiO2 White Glazes for Ceramic Tiles”, Dyes and Pigments, 80, 2009, 292-296

X. Liu, Y. Tong, J. Chen, “Surface Curing and Properties of Titanium Dioxide Self-Cleaning Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 1-6

Z. Chen, H. Liu, & J. Su, “Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and engineering, 2018, 7-17

C.L. Bianchi, E. Colombo, S. Gatto, M. Stucchi, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, & V. Capucci, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water with Micro-sized TiO2 as Powder or Coated on Porcelain-grės Tiles”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 280, 2014, 27-31

M. Hasmaliza, H.S. Foo & K. Mohd, “Anatase as Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles”, Procedia Chemistry, 19 (2016) 828-834

C. Sciancalepore, T. Manfredini, & F. Bondioli, “Antibacterial and Self-Cleaning Coatings for Silicate Ceramics: A Review”, Adv. Sci. Techol., 92 (2014) 90-99

Widihati, I.A.G., Diantariani, N.P., & Nikmah, Y.F., “Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru dengan Sinar UV dan Katalis Al2O3”, Jurnal Kimia 5(1), 31-42, 2011

Hamdaoui, O. & Chiha, M, “Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran”, Acta Chim., 54, 407-418, 2006

S. Middlemas, Z. Zak Fang & P. Fan, “A New Method for Production of Titanium Dioxide Pigment”, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, 2013, 107-113

Y. Wang, J. Li, L. Wang, T. Qi, D. Chen, W. wang, “Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination”, Chemical & Engineering Technology, 34, 6, 2011, 905-913

methylene blue – IARC Monographs, https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2018

T. Ohno, “Crystal Faces of Rutile and anatase TiO2 Particles and Their Roles in Photocatalytic Reactions”, 2002

Is Fatimah & K. Wijaya, “Sintesis TiO2/Zeolit sebagai Fotokatalis pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Adsorpsi-Fotodegradasi”, Teknoin, 10(4), 2005, 257-267

Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993

B. Karasu, S. Turan, “Effects of cobalt, copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22, 2002, 1447-1455

F. Knies, K. Schrantz, C. Aneziris, L. Gauckler, T. Graule, “Superhydrophilic Ceramic Glazes for Sanitaryware”, Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 07(01), 2016, 53-64

E.S. Lončar, M.M. Radeka, S.B. Petrović, A.S. Skapin, O.Lj. Rudić, & J.G. Ranogajec, “Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Clay Roofing Tile Substrates – Methylene Blue as Model Pollutant”, APTEFF, 40(1-220), 2009, 125-133

S. Teixeira & A.M. Bernardin“Development of TiO2 White Glazes for Ceramic Tiles”, Dyes and Pigments, 80, 2009, 292-296

X. Liu, Y. Tong, J. Chen, “Surface Curing and Properties of Titanium Dioxide Self-Cleaning Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 1-6

Z. Chen, H. Liu, & J. Su, “Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and engineering, 2018, 7-17

C.L. Bianchi, E. Colombo, S. Gatto, M. Stucchi, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, & V. Capucci, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water with Micro-sized TiO2 as Powder or Coated on Porcelain-grės Tiles”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 280, 2014, 27-31

M. Hasmaliza, H.S. Foo & K. Mohd, “Anatase as Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles”, Procedia Chemistry, 19 (2016) 828-834

C. Sciancalepore, T. Manfredini, & F. Bondioli, “Antibacterial and Self-Cleaning Coatings for Silicate Ceramics: A Review”, Adv. Sci. Techol., 92 (2014) 90-99

Widihati, I.A.G., Diantariani, N.P., & Nikmah, Y.F., “Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru dengan Sinar UV dan Katalis Al2O3”, Jurnal Kimia 5(1), 31-42, 2011

Hamdaoui, O. & Chiha, M, “Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran”, Acta Chim., 54, 407-418, 2006

S. Middlemas, Z. Zak Fang & P. Fan, “A New Method for Production of Titanium Dioxide Pigment”, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, 2013, 107-113

Y. Wang, J. Li, L. Wang, T. Qi, D. Chen, W. wang, “Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination”, Chemical & Engineering Technology, 34, 6, 2011, 905-913

methylene blue – IARC Monographs, https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2018

T. Ohno, “Crystal Faces of Rutile and anatase TiO2 Particles and Their Roles in Photocatalytic Reactions”, 2002

Is Fatimah & K. Wijaya, “Sintesis TiO2/Zeolit sebagai Fotokatalis pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Adsorpsi-Fotodegradasi”, Teknoin, 10(4), 2005, 257-267

Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993

B. Karasu, S. Turan, “Effects of cobalt, copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22, 2002, 1447-1455

F. Knies, K. Schrantz, C. Aneziris, L. Gauckler, T. Graule, “Superhydrophilic Ceramic Glazes for Sanitaryware”, Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 07(01), 2016, 53-64

E.S. Lončar, M.M. Radeka, S.B. Petrović, A.S. Skapin, O.Lj. Rudić, & J.G. Ranogajec, “Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Clay Roofing Tile Substrates – Methylene Blue as Model Pollutant”, APTEFF, 40(1-220), 2009, 125-133

S. Teixeira & A.M. Bernardin“Development of TiO2 White Glazes for Ceramic Tiles”, Dyes and Pigments, 80, 2009, 292-296

X. Liu, Y. Tong, J. Chen, “Surface Curing and Properties of Titanium Dioxide Self-Cleaning Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 1-6

Z. Chen, H. Liu, & J. Su, “Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and engineering, 2018, 7-17

C.L. Bianchi, E. Colombo, S. Gatto, M. Stucchi, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, & V. Capucci, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water with Micro-sized TiO2 as Powder or Coated on Porcelain-grės Tiles”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 280, 2014, 27-31

M. Hasmaliza, H.S. Foo & K. Mohd, “Anatase as Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles”, Procedia Chemistry, 19 (2016) 828-834

C. Sciancalepore, T. Manfredini, & F. Bondioli, “Antibacterial and Self-Cleaning Coatings for Silicate Ceramics: A Review”, Adv. Sci. Techol., 92 (2014) 90-99

Widihati, I.A.G., Diantariani, N.P., & Nikmah, Y.F., “Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru dengan Sinar UV dan Katalis Al2O3”, Jurnal Kimia 5(1), 31-42, 2011

Hamdaoui, O. & Chiha, M, “Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran”, Acta Chim., 54, 407-418, 2006

S. Middlemas, Z. Zak Fang & P. Fan, “A New Method for Production of Titanium Dioxide Pigment”, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, 2013, 107-113

Y. Wang, J. Li, L. Wang, T. Qi, D. Chen, W. wang, “Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination”, Chemical & Engineering Technology, 34, 6, 2011, 905-913

methylene blue – IARC Monographs, https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2018

T. Ohno, “Crystal Faces of Rutile and anatase TiO2 Particles and Their Roles in Photocatalytic Reactions”, 2002

Is Fatimah & K. Wijaya, “Sintesis TiO2/Zeolit sebagai Fotokatalis pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Adsorpsi-Fotodegradasi”, Teknoin, 10(4), 2005, 257-267

Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993

B. Karasu, S. Turan, “Effects of cobalt, copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22, 2002, 1447-1455

F. Knies, K. Schrantz, C. Aneziris, L. Gauckler, T. Graule, “Superhydrophilic Ceramic Glazes for Sanitaryware”, Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 07(01), 2016, 53-64

E.S. Lončar, M.M. Radeka, S.B. Petrović, A.S. Skapin, O.Lj. Rudić, & J.G. Ranogajec, “Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Clay Roofing Tile Substrates – Methylene Blue as Model Pollutant”, APTEFF, 40(1-220), 2009, 125-133

S. Teixeira & A.M. Bernardin“Development of TiO2 White Glazes for Ceramic Tiles”, Dyes and Pigments, 80, 2009, 292-296

X. Liu, Y. Tong, J. Chen, “Surface Curing and Properties of Titanium Dioxide Self-Cleaning Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 1-6

Z. Chen, H. Liu, & J. Su, “Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and engineering, 2018, 7-17

C.L. Bianchi, E. Colombo, S. Gatto, M. Stucchi, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, & V. Capucci, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water with Micro-sized TiO2 as Powder or Coated on Porcelain-grės Tiles”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 280, 2014, 27-31

M. Hasmaliza, H.S. Foo & K. Mohd, “Anatase as Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles”, Procedia Chemistry, 19 (2016) 828-834

C. Sciancalepore, T. Manfredini, & F. Bondioli, “Antibacterial and Self-Cleaning Coatings for Silicate Ceramics: A Review”, Adv. Sci. Techol., 92 (2014) 90-99

Widihati, I.A.G., Diantariani, N.P., & Nikmah, Y.F., “Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru dengan Sinar UV dan Katalis Al2O3”, Jurnal Kimia 5(1), 31-42, 2011

Hamdaoui, O. & Chiha, M, “Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran”, Acta Chim., 54, 407-418, 2006

S. Middlemas, Z. Zak Fang & P. Fan, “A New Method for Production of Titanium Dioxide Pigment”, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, 2013, 107-113

Y. Wang, J. Li, L. Wang, T. Qi, D. Chen, W. wang, “Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination”, Chemical & Engineering Technology, 34, 6, 2011, 905-913

methylene blue – IARC Monographs, https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2018

T. Ohno, “Crystal Faces of Rutile and anatase TiO2 Particles and Their Roles in Photocatalytic Reactions”, 2002

Is Fatimah & K. Wijaya, “Sintesis TiO2/Zeolit sebagai Fotokatalis pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Adsorpsi-Fotodegradasi”, Teknoin, 10(4), 2005, 257-267

Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993

Henrik Norsker & James Danish, Glazes – for the Self-Reliant Potter, Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien -GATE in: Deutsche Gesellschatft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1993. 2)2. B. Karasu, S. Turan, “Effects of cobalt, copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22, 2002, 1447-1455, 3)3. F. Knies, K. Schrantz, C. Aneziris, L. Gauckler, T. Graule, “Superhydrophilic Ceramic Glazes for Sanitaryware”, Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 07(01), 2016, 53-64, 4)4. E.S. Lončar, M.M. Radeka, S.B. Petrović, A.S. Skapin, O.Lj. Rudić, & J.G. Ranogajec, “Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Clay Roofing Tile Substrates – Methylene Blue as Model Pollutant”, APTEFF, 40(1-220), 2009, 125-133, 5)5. S. Teixeira & A.M. Bernardin“Development of TiO2 White Glazes for Ceramic Tiles”, Dyes and Pigments, 80, 2009, 292-296, 6) 6. X. Liu, Y. Tong, J. Chen, “Surface Curing and Properties of Titanium Dioxide Self-Cleaning Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 1-6, 7)7. Z. Chen, H. Liu, & J. Su, “Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics”, Ceramic Sciences and engineering, 2018, 7-17, 8)8. C.L. Bianchi, E. Colombo, S. Gatto, M. Stucchi, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, & V. Capucci, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Water with Micro-sized TiO2 as Powder or Coated on Porcelain-grės Tiles”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 280, 2014, 27-31, 9)9. M. Hasmaliza, H.S. Foo & K. Mohd, “Anatase as Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles”, Procedia Chemistry, 19 (2016) 828-834, 10)10. C. Sciancalepore, T. Manfredini, & F. Bondioli, “Antibacterial and Self-Cleaning Coatings for Silicate Ceramics: A Review”, Adv. Sci. Techol., 92 (2014) 90-99, 11) 11. Widihati, I.A.G., Diantariani, N.P., & Nikmah, Y.F., “Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru dengan Sinar UV dan Katalis Al2O3”, Jurnal Kimia 5(1), 31-42, 2011, 12)12. Hamdaoui, O. & Chiha, M, “Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat Bran”, Acta Chim., 54, 407-418, 2006, 13)13. S. Middlemas, Z. Zak Fang & P. Fan, “A New Method for Production of Titanium Dioxide Pigment”, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, 2013, 107-113, 14)14. Y. Wang, J. Li, L. Wang, T. Qi, D. Chen, W. wang, “Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten-Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination”, Chemical & Engineering Technology, 34, 6, 2011, 905-913, 15)15. methylene blue – IARC Monographs, https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2018, 16)16. T. Ohno, “Crystal Faces of Rutile and anatase TiO2 Particles and Their Roles in Photocatalytic Reactions”, 2002, 17)17. Is Fatimah & K. Wijaya, “Sintesis TiO2/Zeolit sebagai Fotokatalis pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Adsorpsi-Fotodegradasi”, Teknoin, 10(4), 2005, 257-267




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v5i1.31358

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