Efektivitas nanoemulsi gel daun sirih hijau (Piper betle l.) terhadap penurunan ketebalan biofilm bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538: eksperimental laboratoris
Abstract
The effectiveness of green betel leaf (piper betle l.) nanoemulsion gel on reducing of staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 biofilm thickness: laboratory experimental
Introduction: Periodontal disease is an infection in the oral cavity caused by bacteria, with a case prevalence of 74.1%. One of the bacteria involved is Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is a Gram-positive organism that plays a role in early colonization. Green betel (Piper betle) is a medicinal plant that contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Nanoemulsion gel technology has the advantage of enhancing drug delivery due to its very small particle size. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of green betel leaf nanoemulsion gel in reducing the biofilm thickness of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods. This research used an in vitro laboratory experimental method involving 25 samples divided into 5 groups, consisting of green betel leaf nanoemulsion gel at concentrations of 30%, 40%, 50%, metronidazole gel, and aquadest. The thickness of the biofilm was measured using an ELISA reader by reading the optical density. Results. The average optical density values in the green betel leaf nanoemulsion gel formulation group showed that the 50% concentration had the lowest value (2.732) compared to 30% (3.478) and 40% (3.352), indicating that the 50% concentration was the most effective among the three tested concentrations. The One-Way ANOVA test results showed p < 0.05, indicating that the green betel leaf nanoemulsion gel had a significant effect on reducing the biofilm thickness of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the green betel leaf nanoemulsion gel formulation is effective in reducing the biofilm thickness of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v36i3.57721
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