Manifestasi dan tatalaksana xerostomia pada pasien penderita systemic lupus erythematosus: laporan kasus

Ana Fitri Nuryanti, Icha Try Putri, Naufal Faturahman Daling, Fani Diorita

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah penyakit autoimun kronis yang memiliki manifestasi oral berupa xerostomia (mulut kering). Xerostomia didefinisikan sebagai perasaan subjektif kekeringan di rongga mulut dan merupakan istilah yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani “xeros”, yang berarti “kering”, dan “stoma”, yang berarti “mulut”. Tujuan laporan kasus ini dibuat untuk memaparkan manifestasi dan tatalaksana xerostomia pada pasien dengan SLE. Laporan kasus: Pasien Perempuan berusia 47 tahun datang ke Klinik Spesialis Penyakit Mulut RS Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda dengan keluhan mulut terasa kering dan sulit mengunyah. Diketahui pasien menderita SLE sejak tahun 2019. Pemeriksaan ekstraoral ditemukan malar rash pada wajah, pigmentasi coklat kehitaman dan exfoliative cheilitis pada bibir.  Pemeriksaan intraoral menunjukkan terdapat fissured tongue pada dorsum lidah dan erythematosus patches berbatas tidak jelas pada palatum mole. Summated Xerostomia Inventory Indonesian Version (SXI-ID):13, kategori ringan, Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS): 6, kategori sedang dan Unstimulated saliva: 0 ml/menit hiposalivasi. Tatalaksana dengan edukasi dan instruksi peningkatan hidrasi dan stimulus kerja kelenjar saliva. Simpulan: Xerostomia pada pasien SLE dapat bermanifestasi sebagai keluhan mulut terasa kering, cheilitis pada bibir, serta mukosa oral yang tampak kering dan pucat. Tatalaksana dilakukan melalui edukasi peningkatan hidrasi dan stimulasi saliva menggunakan permen karet bebas gula. Evaluasi pascaperawatan menunjukkan peningkatan hasil laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi dari 0 ml/menit menjadi 0,008 ml/menit.

Manifestation and management of xerostomia in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: case report


Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that may present with oral manifestations, including xerostomia (dry mouth). Xerostomia is defined as the subjective feeling of dryness in the oral cavity and the term is derived from the Greek words “xeros”, meaning “dry”, and “stoma”, meaning “mouth”. This case report aims to describe the manifestations and management of xerostomia in a patient with SLE. Case report: A 47-year-old female patient presented to the Oral Medicine Specialist Clinic of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda complaining of dry mouth and difficulty chewing. The patient had been diagnosed with SLE since 2019. Extraoral examination revealed a malar rash on the face, brownish-black pigmentation and exfoliative cheilitis on the lips.  Intraoral examination showed a fissured tongue on the dorsum of the tongue and erythematous patches with ill-defined borders on the soft palate. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory Indonesian Version (SXI-ID) score was 13 (mild category), the Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS) was 6 (moderate category), and unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0 ml/min, indicating hyposalivation. Management included patient education with instructions to increase hydration and stimulate salivary gland activity. Conclusion: Xerostomia in patients with SLE may manifest as complaints of oral dryness, cheilitis and clinically dry, and pale oral mucosa.  Management included hydration counseling and salivary stimulation using sugar-free chewing gum, which resulted in an increase in the unstimulated salivary flow rate  from 0 ml/min to 0.008 ml/min.

Keywords


Systemic lupus erythematosus, tatalaksana SLE, xerostomia.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v37i3.58840

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