Effect of rinsing with 20% pineapple core extract solution on salivary flow rate, ph, and total protein: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Introduction: Saliva plays an important role in maintaining oral health by maintaining an optimal oral PH. A decrease in salivary pH causes enamel demineralization.  Pineapple (Ananas comosus) has beneficial effects on the oral cavity, including increased salivary secretion. Its bromelain enzyme, which is abundant in the pineapple core, can inhibit bacteria and thereby prevent dental caries. A concentration of 20% was selected based on previous research and is lower than the previously reported concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. This study aimed to analyze the effect of rinsing with 20% pineapple core extract solution on salivary flow rate, pH, and total protein. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest–posttest control group design. The population comprised Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara students aged 18–22 years. Samples were selected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were divided into two groups, with 10 subjects in each treatment and negative control group. Saliva was collected before and after rinsing with 10 mL of 20% pineapple core extract solution in the treatment group and 10 mL of distilled water in the negative control group. Salivary flow rate was measured by weighing the collected saliva per unit of time; salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter; and total protein was measured using the Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit. The results were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results: Rinsing with 20% pineapple core extract solution produced significant differences in salivary flow rate (p=0.019) and salivary pH (p=0.005), whereas the difference in total protein was not significant (p=0.059). Conclusion: Salivary flow rate and salivary pH increased significantly, while salivary total protein decreased without statistical significance after rinsing with 20% pineapple core extract solution.

Perbedaan efek berkumur menggunakan larutan ekstrak bonggol nanas 20% terhadap laju alir, pH dan total protein saliva: eksperimental studi

Pendahuluan: Saliva memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kesehatan rongga mulut yaitu menjaga pH optimal rongga mulut. Penurunan pH saliva yang menyebabkan demineralisasi enamel.  Tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus) memiliki khasiat bagi rongga mulut, yaitu dapat meningkatkan sekresi saliva dan memiliki enzim bromelain yang banyak didapatkan pada bonggol nanas yang mampu menghambat bakteri sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya karies. Konsentrasi 20% dipilih berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya dan lebih rendah dibandingkan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 75% yang telah dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perbedaan efek berkumur larutan ekstrak bonggol nanas 20% terhadap laju alir, pH dan total protein saliva. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan penelitian pretest-posttest design with control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa FKG USU berusia 18-22 tahun. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok dan berjumlah 10 subjek pada setiap kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol negatif. Saliva dikumpulkan sebelum dan sesudah berkumur larutan ekstrak bonggol nanas 20% 10 mL dan kelompok kontrol negatif dengan berkumur aquades 10 mL. Laju alir saliva diukur dengan cara menimbang saliva yang terkumpul dibagi per waktu, pH saliva diukur dengan menggunakan pH meter digital, total protein diukur dengan menggunakan Pierce^TM BCA Protein Assay Kit. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji T-berpasangan. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan berkumur larutan ekstrak bonggol nanas 20% memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada laju alir saliva (p=0,019) dan pH saliva (p=0,005), sedangkan total protein memiliki perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p=0,059). Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan laju alir saliva dan pH saliva secara signifikan dan terdapat penurunan total protein saliva yang tidak signifikan setelah berkumur larutan ekstrak bonggol nanas 20.