Pengaruh Rasio Bahan-Pelarut dan Waktu Ekstraksi terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) dengan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)

Endah Wulandari, Edy Subroto, Mohammad Djali, Hana Fauziah

Abstract


Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Indonesia. Ekstrak tembakau dapat diaplikasikan dalam produk untuk membantu berhenti merokok. Metode ekstraksi berbantu microwave (MAE) memiliki keunggulan dalam mempersingkat waktu ekstraksi dan penggunaan energi serta penggunaan pelarut yang lebih efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh waktu ekstraksi dan rasio bahan baku-pelarut terhadap rendemen, warna, kandungan alkaloid, serta kadar nikotin pada ekstrak tembakau menggunakan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rasio 1:3 (b/v) memerlukan waktu lebih lama untuk mencapai rendemen tinggi, sedangkan rasio 1:9 (b/v) mampu menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih besar dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Warna ekstrak tembakau menunjukkan nilai L*, a*, dan b* yang bervariasi, kecenderungan warna mengarah ke merah gelap. MAE menghasilkan kadar nikotin yang lebih rendah dibandingkan maserasi, tetapi tetap lebih efektif karena dapat mencapai hasil yang mendekati hanya dalam waktu ekstraksi 15 menit. Rasio bahan bakupelarut dan waktu ekstraksi terbukti memengaruhi rendemen, warna, dan kandungan alkaloid pada ekstrak tembakau. Perlakuan dengan hasil rendemen tertinggi (29.54%) serta intensitas sedang senyawa alkaloid yang terdeteksi diperoleh dari rasio bahan baku-pelarut 1:9 (b/v) selama 5 menit.


Keywords


microwave-assisted extraction; nikotin; rasio bahan-pelarut; tembakau; waktu ekstraksi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol19n2.9

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