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Perbaikan Tanah Sulfat Masam melalui Aplikasi Biochar Diperkaya Daun Kelor dan Kalium untuk Produksi Terong
Abstract
Tanah sulfat masam merupakan kendala utama dalam pengelolaan lahan pertanian karena kemasaman tinggi dan keterbatasan hara yang menghambat produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi biochar dari sekam padi yang diperkaya ekstrak daun kelor (MLE), dikombinasikan dengan pupuk kalium (KCl), terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan produktivitas tanaman terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.). Percobaan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial menggunakan tiga dosis biochar-MLE (5, 10, 15 t ha⁻¹) dan tiga dosis KCl (100, 200, 300 kg ha⁻¹), masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dosis tertinggi (15 t ha⁻¹ biochar-MLE + 300 kg ha⁻¹ KCl) secara signifikan meningkatkan pH tanah (dari 4,58 menjadi 5,50), kapasitas tukar kation, karbon organik, serta ketersediaan unsur hara N, P, K, Ca, dan Mg, dan sekaligus menurunkan kejenuhan Al dan H pertukaran. Perlakuan tersebut juga memperbaiki pertumbuhan vegetatif dan komponen hasil tanaman, termasuk tinggi tanaman, jumlah buah, bobot, dan ukuran buah. Aplikasi kombinasi biochar diperkaya ekstrak daun kelor dan pupuk K menunjukkan sinergi fungsional secara agronomis, yaitu perbaikan sifat kimia tanah yang saling melengkapi dan meningkatkan ketersediaan hara, tanpa dimaknai sebagai interaksi statistik antar perlakuan. Temuan ini mendukung penggunaan amandemen berbasis biomassa untuk restorasi kesuburan tanah secara berkelanjutan pada lingkungan lahan basah terdegradasi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol20n1.12
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