Pemantauan Kehijauan Daun Padi Sawah dengan Drone RGB dan Algoritma VARI: Validasi Indeks SPAD

Rahmat Hanif Anasiru, Harry Rahmat Hanif Anasiru Hartono, Arief Wicaksono, Andy Saryoko, Andi Apriyani Fatmawati, Haris Bahrun

Abstract


Pemantauan pertumbuhan tanaman padi secara akurat dan real-time menjadi kebutuhan mendesak dalam mendukung program peningkatan produktivitas dan indeks pertanaman (IP) di Indonesia. Namun, teknologi pemantauan berbasis drone multispektral dengan sensor Near-Infrared (NIR) masih terkendala biaya tinggi dan akses terbatas di lapangan. Penelitian ini menawarkan alternatif ekonomis dengan mengembangkan metode pemantauan kehijauan daun menggunakan drone non-multispektral berbasis kamera RGB dan algoritma Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan drone DJI Mavic Pro 1 yang menghasilkan 597 citra udara resolusi tinggi (4000 × 3000 piksel) dengan Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) 1,21 cm/piksel pada lahan sawah seluas 4 hektar. Citra diproses dengan perangkat lunak Agisoft Metashape dan ArcGIS untuk menghasilkan peta orthomosaic dan nilai VARI pada empat petak sawah. Pemantauan kehijauan daun menunjukkan nilai rata-rata VARI antara 0,069 hingga 0,217. Validasi menggunakan pengukuran indeks SPAD-502 Plus menghasilkan nilai rata-rata antara 40,6 hingga 42,3. Analisis regresi linear menunjukkan korelasi yang sangat kuat (R² = 0,934) antara nilai VARI dan indeks SPAD, yang menegaskan reliabilitas metode ini. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma VARI berbasis drone RGB dapat menjadi solusi praktis, cepat, dan ekonomis untuk pemantauan pertanian presisi. Pendekatan ini berpotensi mendukung optimalisasi pengelolaan lahan sawah, sekaligus memperkuat upaya peningkatan produktivitas padi dan ketahanan pangan nasional.


Keywords


Drone RGB; kehijauan daun; pertanian presisi; SPAD; VARI

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol20n1.15

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