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Optimasi Suhu Pemanasan Minuman Fungsional Ubi Jalar Ungu : Bioaktif, BAL dan Organoleptik
Abstract
Tren gaya hidup sehat mendorong pengembangan minuman fungsional berbasis ubi jalar ungu karena praktis, bergizi, dan digemari masyarakat. Namun, tantangan utama terletak pada proses pengolahan, khususnya pemanasan. Antosianin sangat sensitif terhadap suhu tinggi, pH, oksidasi, dan cahaya, sehingga mudah terdegradasi selama pemrosesan. Selain itu, viabilitas bakteri asam laktat sebagai mikroba probiotik sangat bergantung pada suhu pemrosesan. Untuk perlu dilakukan kajian tentang pengaruh suhu pemanasan terhadap bioaktif, viabilitas bakteri asam laktat dan organoleptik minuman fungsional ubi jalar ungu agar diperoleh suhu pemrosesan yang optimal. Penelitian ini didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor suhu pemanasan yaitu 70oC; 80oC; 90oC; 100oC. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga diperoleh 20 sampel percobaan yang diuji kadar antosianin, aktivitas antioksidan, total bakteri asam laktat dan tingkat kesukaan secara organoleptik (uji hedonik) menggunakan 20 orang panelis terlatih. Perlakuan pemanasan dengan berbagai suhu (70 – 100oC) terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap bioaktif seperti kadar antosianin dan aktivitas antioksidan, viabilitas bakteri asam laktat, dan tingkat kesukaan minuman fungsional ubi jalar ungu, dimana penggunaan suhu 70oC masih dapat mempertahankan bioaktif dari produk minuman fungsional dengan kadar antosianin sebesar 81,72 mg/L dan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) sebesar 11,61 µg/mL (aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat). Untuk viabilitas BAL perlakuan suhu 70 – 100oC terbukti menurunkan jumlah BAL yang ada di dalam produk secara signifikan (<107 CFU/L) dengan total BAL berkisar 0,0407 – 6,06 x 104 CFU/L. Sementara tingkat kesukaan secara organoleptik diperoleh suhu 80oC mampu menghasilkan produk minuman fungsional yang paling disukai oleh panelis baik tekstur (4,5), rasa (4,55), aroma (3,65) dan warnanya (3,45).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol19n3.10
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